The figure compared with a forecast increase of 1.35% in May in a Reuters poll, and followed a downwardly revised annual rise of 2.69% in April, which was the first increase in 19 months.
Factory output for the January-May period dropped 2.08% from a year earlier. The ministry last month said it expected output to rise between 0% and 1% in 2024.
Car production dropped for a 10th straight month in May as purchasing power decreased because of high household debt, while energy costs increased, the ministry said in a statement.
Figures from the Federation of Thai Industries earlier this week showed car production fell an annual 16.2% in May.
The industry ministry said higher exports of industrial products, stronger tourism and government spending supported output.
Thailand's exports, a key driver of the economy, rose 7.2% in May from a year earlier, the biggest increase in four months, according to commerce ministry data.
Foreign tourist arrivals in 2024 up to June 23 reached 16.84 million, a 36% increase from the year earlier period, and the visitors had spent 795 billion baht (USD 21.6 billion), according to the tourism ministry.
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